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Near Field Communication (NFC) is an emerging technology. Devices using NFC technology (such as mobile phones) can exchange data in close proximity to each other. It is evolved from the integration of non-contact radio frequency identification (RFID) and interconnection technology. By integrating the functions of inductive card reader, inductive card and point-to-point communication on a single chip, mobile terminal is used to realize mobile payment, electronic ticketing, access control, mobile identity recognition, anti-counterfeiting and other applications.
NFC is a standard jointly developed by Nokia, Philips and Sony, driven by standardization under ISO 18092, ECMA 340 and ETSI TS 102 190. It is also compatible with the widely used ISO 14443, Type-A, ISO 15693, B and FeliCa contactless smart card infrastructure.
In March 18, 2004 by the ECMA (European Computer Manufacturers Association) recognized as a European standard, The approved standards include ISO/IEC 18092 (NFCIP-1), ECMA-340, ECMA-352, ECMA-356, ECMA-362, and ISO/IEC 21481 (NFCIP-2).
Detailed near-field communication standard of near field communication equipment modulation scheme, encoding, transmission speed and radio frequency interface frame format, and active and passive near field communication mode in the process of initialization data conflict control needed initialization scheme and conditions, in addition also defines a transfer protocol, including the agreement to start and data exchange method, etc.

Main application forms

Point to point formPoint to point form

Peer-to-peer mode, in which two NFC devices can exchange data. For example, a number of digital cameras with NFC function and mobile phones can use NFC technology for wireless interconnection to realize data exchange such as virtual business cards or digital photos. In the point-to-point form, the key is to connect two devices that both have NFC functions, so that data transmission between points can be realized. By taking the point-to-point form as the premise, mobile phones, computers and other related devices with NFC function can truly achieve point-to-point wireless connection and data transmission, and in the subsequent related applications, it can not only be local applications, but also network applications. Peer-to-peer applications, therefore, play an important role in fast Bluetooth connectivity between different devices and in the transmission of communication data.

Card reader modeCard reader mode

Read/write mode, in which the NFC device is used as a contactless reader. For example, NFC-enabled phones can interact with tags as readers, and NFC-enabled phones can read and write tags that support NFC-enabled data format standards. NFC communication in card reader mode is used as a contactless card reader to read relevant information from exhibition information electronic tags, movie posters, advertising pages, etc. NFC mobile phone in card reader mode can collect data resources from TAG and complete information processing functions according to certain application requirements. Some application functions can be completed directly locally, and some need to be completed in combination with TD-LTE and other mobile communication networks. NFC applications based on the card reader model include advertising reading, ticket reading, theater ticket sales, etc. For example, there is a TAG behind the movie poster. At this time, users can carry a mobile phone that supports NFC protocol to obtain movie information, and can also connect to buy movie tickets. Card reader NFC mode can also support the bus stop information, tourist attractions map information access, improve the convenience of people's travel traffic.

Card analog formCard analog form

Simulation card mode, this mode is to simulate the device with NFC function into a label or contactless card, such as NFC mobile phone can be read as access control card, bank card, etc.

Characteristics of Near Field Communication (NFC)

Near field communication (NFC) is a kind of short distance wireless communication technology developed based on RFID technology. Like RFID, NFC information is transmitted through electromagnetic induction coupling in the wireless frequency part of the spectrum, but there are still big differences between the two. The transmission range of RFID is smaller than that of RFID, and the transmission range of RFID can reach 0~1m. However, due to the unique signal attenuation technology adopted by NFC, NFC has the characteristics of low cost, high bandwidth and low energy consumption compared with RFID.
The main characteristics of near field communication technology are as follows:
（1）Wireless communication technology for short distance (within 10cm) secure communication
（2）RF frequency: 13.56MHz
（3）RF compatibility: ISO 14443, ISO 15693, Felica standard
（4）Data transmission speed: 106Kbit /s, 212Kbit /s, 424Kbit /s
The current near field wireless communication technology includes RFID, Bluetooth, infrared, etc.
NFC is a short-range, high-frequency wireless communication technology that allows contactless point-to-point data transmission between electronic devices. Its operating frequency is 13.56MHz, the communication distance is 0~20cm (most products are within 10cm), and the transmission rate can be 106Kbit /s, 212Kbit /s, 424Kbit /s and 848Kbit /s.

Main application forms

0101

The working mode is different. NFC integrates point-to-point communication function, reader function and contactless card function into one chip, while RFID consists of reader and tag. NFC technology can both read and write, while RFID can only read and determine information.

0202

The transmission distance is different. NFC transmission distance is much smaller than RFID, the transmission distance of NFC is only 10 centimeters, the transmission distance of RFID can reach a few meters, or even dozens of meters. NFC is a kind of close private communication mode. Compared with RFID, NFC has the characteristics of short distance, high bandwidth, low energy consumption and high security.

0303

The application field is different. NFC is more used in the field of consumer electronics, playing a huge role in access control, public transport, mobile payment and other fields; RFID is better at long-distance identification and is more widely used in production, logistics, tracking and asset management.